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| 1228 |
| | Frederick II, leader of the sixth crusade, briefly recovers Jerusalem for the Christians by negotiating with the Muslims | |
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| c. 1230 |
| | Ogadai, son of Genghis Khan, turns his father's headquarters at Karakorum into a capital city | |
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| 1231 |
| | The Mongols conquer the Korean peninsula, subsequently using it as a base for two expeditions against Japan | |
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| 1232 |
| | The kingdom of Granada is established with a Berber noble, Muhammad I, as the first king | |
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| 1233 |
| | Gregory IX sends Dominican friars to root out the remains of the Catharist heresy in France, thus launching the Inquisition | |
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| 1237 |
| | Batu Khan and his Mongols sweep into Russia, where they and their descendants become known as the Golden Horde | |
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| c. 1240 |
| | A warlord, Sundiata, conquers Ghana and establishes the kingdom of Mali | |
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| c. 1240 |
| | Haakon IV is the first ruler to build up a strong Norway, some two centuries after the region becomes a single kingdom | |
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| 1240 |
| | Alexander, a Russian prince, defeats a Swedish army on the frozen river Neva, thus winning his name Alexander Nevksy | |
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| 1241 |
| | Mongols of the Golden Horde defeat the Poles at Legnica and ravage the city of Cracow | |
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